Abstract: Background: A growing body of research suggests that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are early pathogenic features of neurodegenerative disorders.
In recent years, the vitagene system has emerged as a potential target, as it has been shown to have a high neuroprotective power. Therefore, the discovery of molecules capable of activating this system may represent a new therapeutic target to limit the deleterious consequences induced by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, such as neurodegeneration. Lipoxins are derived from arachidonic acid, and their role in the resolution of systemic inflammation is well established; however, they have become increasingly involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes.
Our study aimed at activating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) redox system and increasing lipoxin A4 for the modulation of antioxidant stress and neuroinflammation through the action of two fungi in a rotenone-induced Parkinson’s model. Methods: During the experiment, mice received Hericium erinaceus, Coriolus versicolor or a combination of the two (200 mg/kg, orally) concomitantly with rotenone (5 mg/kg, orally) for 28 days.
Results: The results obtained highlighted the ability of these two fungi and, in particular, their ability through their association to act on neuroinflammation through the nuclear factor-kB pathway and on oxidative stress through the Nrf2 pathway. This prevented dopaminergic neurons from undergoing apoptosis and prevented the alteration of typical Parkinson’s disease (PD) markers and α-synuclein accumulation.
The action of Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor was also able to limit the motor and non-motor alterations characteristic of PD. Conclusions: Since these two mushrooms are subject to fewer regulations than traditional drugs, they could represent a promising nutraceutical choice for preventing PD.
Clinical Articles
The following section outlines the clinical papers, posters and proposals that refer to the clinical use of MRL mushroom nutrition products. This information is for healthcare practitioners only and should not be provided to members of the general public.Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the principal cause of dementia, and its incidence increases with age.
Altered antioxidant systems and inflammation have an important role in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of Hericium erinaceus, a nutritional mushroom with important antioxidant effects, in a rat model of AD. Animals were injected with 70 mg/Kg of AlCl3 daily for 6 weeks, and Hericium erinaceus was administered daily by gavage. Before the experiment’s end date, behavioral test training was performed. At the end of the study, behavioral changes were assessed, and the animals were euthanized. Brain tissues were harvested for further analysis. AlCl3 mainly accumulates in the hippocampus, the principal region of the brain involved in memory functions and learning. Hericium erinaceus administration reduced behavioral changes and hippocampal neuronal degeneration. Additionally, it reduced phosphorylated Tau levels, aberrant APP overexpression, and -amyloid accumulation. Moreover, Hericium erinaceus decreased the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory hippocampal alterations induced by AD. In particular, it reduced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome components, usually activated by increased oxidative stress during AD.
Collectively, our results showed that Hericium erinaceus has protective effects on behavioral alteration and histological modification associated with AD due to the modulation of the oxidative and inflammatory pathways, as well as regulating cellular brain stress.
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.
The focus of the present study was to examine the effect of the fungus Coriolus versicolor (CV), underlining its correlation with Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); we aim to evaluate its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in mice exposed to experimental colitis. The model was induced in mice by colon instillation of dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS), CV was administered orally (200 mg per kg) daily for 4 days. On day 4, the animals were killed, and the tissues collected for histological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Four days after DNBS administration, CC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- ) production increased in association with damage to the colon.
Neutrophil infiltration, as assessed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, in the mucosa was associated with overexpression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). Immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine and poly-(ADP-Ribose)-polymerase (PARP) showed evident stain in the inflamed colon. Treatment with CV significantly reduced the appearance of colon changes and weight loss. These effects were associated with a remarkable ability of CV to reduce the expression of TLR4 and modulate the pathway of nuclear factor kappa-light-chainenhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). This improved the colon architecture, reduced MPO activity, the release of proinflammatory cytokines, the presence of nitrotyrosine, and the hyperactivation of PARP, as well as the up-regulation of P-selectin and ICAM1. Furthermore, we studied the action of CV on the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which is important for maintaining redox balance, demonstrating that CV by significantly increasing both enzymes is able to counteract the oxidative stress induced by DNBS.
Taken together, our results clearly show that this natural compound can be considered as a possible dietary supplement against colitis.
The characterization of the bioactive compounds included chemical composition, free and total amino acids composition, mineral composition, and profiles of fatty acids, sterol and tocopherols. Characterization conducted on mushroom biomasses provided be Mycology Research Laboratories Ltd.
Neuroinflammation is a specialized immune response that occurs in the central nervous system, mainly in older adulthood, and has been connected to chronic neurodegenerative disorders and characterized by a gradual loss of neurons from specific regions in the brain.
Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are formed in the brain. Neurogenesis is crucial when an embryo is developing, but also continues in certain brain regions after birth and throughout lifespan. The mature brain has many specialised areas of function, and neurons that differ in structure and connections. The hippocampus, for example, which is a brain region that plays an important role in memory and spatial navigation, alone has at least 122 different types of neurons [1]
Mushroom extracts seem to exert an action on brain function. In order to objectify such an effect changes of the electric activity of the brain have been successfully used in earlier experiments in the presence of diverse food extracts.
Changes of field potentials recorded from implanted electrodes into the depth of the brain of rats served to analyse the action of plant-derived extracts in comparison to food supplements and reference drugs. Frequency analysis of the data and feeding of the results into discriminant analysis allowed indication dependent classification of the effects. The present investigation aimed at the neuro-physiological characterization of the effect of a preparation of Hericium erinaceus in this model.
The presently tested mycological preparation “MRL’s Hericium erinaceus hyphal powder” induced a pattern of frequency changes consisting in a statistically significant attenuation of delta, theta, alpha2 and beta1 spectral power, but not alpha1 power in all brain regions during the first 2 hours after administration. The lack of alpha1 spectral power attenuation in combination with attenuation of delta, theta and alpha2 power is shared by some other preparations tested earlier under identical conditions like Zembrin®, Acetylsalicylic acid, Methylphenidate, Taxifolin and Ginkgo extract. From this, calming, analgesic, antidepressive and cognition enhancing properties might be deduced for the tested mushroom biomass. However, due to the fact, that only one dosage was tested, interpretation of the results is limited. As active ingredients recently discovered erinacines from Hericium ericaneus mycelia might be considered, which show up in the brain as early as 30 min after oral administration.
ABSTRACT - Mental abilities and cognitive functions are generally associated with the brain in our skull. But there exists yet another system of neurons: governing the function of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract recently gaining the name of a ‘second brain’. Evolutionarily and historically, behind the formation and function of our organs was always the food we ate. Food chosen with respect to its innate characteristics is ready to serve as the most natural protective and corrective factor even today. Wholesome food can be distinguished through different approaches of modern research, traditional use and personal preferences. The more criteria taken into account, the more vivid the solutions. Multilateral approaches to individualised nutrition can provide elegant and long-term supportive strategies to the dynamic of health. With respect to mental abilities and cognitive functions, promising added value can be brought to the diet through the mushrooms lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and turkey tail (Trametes/Coriolus versicolor).
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem affecting the world. This condition results from the application of external physical force to the brain which leads to transient or permanent structural and functional impairments. TBI has been shown to be a risk factor for neurodegeneration which can lead to Parkinson’s disease (PD) for example.
In this study, we wanted to explore the development of PD-related pathology in the context of an experimental model of TBI and the potential ability of Coriolus versicolor and Hericium erinaceus to prevent neurodegenerative processes. Traumatic brain injury was induced in mice by controlled cortical impact. Behavioral tests were performed at various times: the animals were sacrificed 30 days after the impact and the brain was processed for Western blot and immunohistochemical analyzes.
After the head injury, a significant decrease in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and the dopamine transporter in the substantia nigra was observed, as well as significant behavioral alterations that were instead restored following daily oral treatment with Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor. Furthermore, a strong increase in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress emerged in the vehicle groups. Treatment with Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor was able to prevent both the neuroinflammatory and oxidative processes typical of PD.
This study suggests that PD-related molecular events may be triggered on TBI and that nutritional fungi such as Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor may be important in redox stress response mechanisms and neuroprotection, preventing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD
The Hericium erinaceus and the Coriolus versicolor biomasses were supplied by Mycology Research Laboratories Ltd.
1) Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Portugal
2) CNC.IBILI - University of Coimbra, Portugal
3) CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
4) III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
5) Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa, Spain
6) Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
7) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
8) Ministry of Education, Maputo, Mozambique
9) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal, Portugal
10) Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
11) Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
The poster was presented on July 3rd 2018 at the World Congress of Pharmacognosy 2018 in Kyoto Japan with the following conclusions:
1) CV biomass oral administration promotes a significant increase in dendritic length and branching and total dendritic volume of immature neurons, suggesting a positive effect in the hippocampal neurogenic reserve.
2) Increase of β-catenin levels both in nucleus and cytoplasm of DG immature neurons, suggests that Wnt/β-catenin signalling plays an important role in the CV positive effect on the dendritic complexity of hippocampal newly-generated neurons.
3) The so far unexplored neurogenic potential of CV supplementation emerges as a possible preventive strategy for different neurological conditions.
(1) CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
(2) III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal;
(3) Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
(4) CNC.IBILI – University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;
(5) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal;
(6) Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
**Co-corresponding author: fredcp@ci.uc.pt
**Co-corresponding author: a.cristina.rego@gmail.com
The abstract was presented on February 5th, 2018 at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Portuguese Society of Pharmacology. The abstract suggests Coriolus versicolor biomass has a positive effect in the hippocampal neurogenic reserve. Furthermore, there is unexplored neurogenic potential of Coriolus versicolor biomass supplementation, as a possible preventive strategy for different neurological conditions. The Coriolus versicolor used in the study was supplied by Mycology Research Laboratories Ltd. (www.mycologyresearch.com).
This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop ‘Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms’ in Copenhagen in June 2016. The presentreview is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe).
Discussed in Section 3.3. entitled Oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondria, is the fact that LXA4 as an endogenously produced eicosanoid, which blocks the generations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and toxic compounds including reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotes resolution of inflammation, and acts as an endogenous “breaking signal” in the inflammatory process. Additionally, recent evidence linking the restoration of redox homeostasis by nutritional mushrooms (e.g. Coriolus versicolor, Hericium erinaceus), suggests potential neuroprotective strategies in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disease aimed at inducing the vitagene defence system mechanism (Trovato et al.,2016).
a) State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
b) Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
c) Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
d) Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, China
e) Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China
f) Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
g) Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
This paper posits that herbal medicines used in TCM treatments may act through hormetic dose-response mechanisms. It is proposed that the stimulatory (i.e., low dose) and inhibitory (i.e., high dose) components of the hormetic dose response correspond to respective “regulating” and “curing” aspects of TCM herbal treatments. Specifically, the “regulating” functions promote adaptive or preventive responses, while “curing” treatments alleviate the clinical symptoms. Patterns of hormetic responses are described, and the applicability of these processes to herbal medicines of TCM are explicated.
(1) Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
(2) Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
(3) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon University, Portugal
(4) Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
(5) Spinal Unit, Emergency Hospital “Cannizzaro”, Catania, Italy
(6) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
This paper discusses the emerging role of lipoxinA4 and inflammasome in neurodegeneration. In addition, the paper outlines the notion that low levels of stress can induce responses that may be protective against the pathogenic processes is a frontier area of neurobiological research focal to understanding and developing therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of Coriolus versicolor, a mushroom (Coriolus-MRL), well known in China as Yun Zhi. We propose a potentially innovative treatment for AD and, possibly, other neurodegenerative conditions associated to neuroinflammation.
1) Universidade Pedagógica, Rua João Carlos Raposo Beirão 135, Maputo, Moçambique
2) Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
3) Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
4) Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
5) ACIVET, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon University, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
*Corresponding author: profcattitofernandes@gmail.com
The current short article reviews the role of mushroom biomass, rich in β-glucans, enzymes, germanium and secondary metabolites, the interaction with the human gut microbiota and the prevention or treatment of various metabolic syndrome-linked diseases. The focus is on mushroom β-glucans compared to other soluble and fermentable dietary fibres, their unique effects on nutrition, human microbiota, health and disease, specifying the significantly differing physicochemical properties depending on the source and type of mushroom or dietary supplement. An overview of definitions and types of fibre, a brief examination of the health benefits associated with β-glucans from mushroom biomass, its possible mechanisms of action, and its potential dietary supplement applications are provided. Despite promising evidence of mushroom biomass on health much research still remains to be done.
In this article the authors tested the possibility that Coriolus versicolor might as a prebiotic for probiotic bacteria such as Latobacillus acidophilus L10, Lacotbacillus casei L26, Bifidobacterium longum BG6 and Bifidobacterium animalis B0
In this article, Professor Vittorio Calabrese explains the role that the mushrooms Coriolus versicolor and Hericium erinaceus may play in inhibiting the progression of diseases related to oxidative stress such as dementia or early Alzheimer's disease. The role of this mushrooms comes from upregulating LXA4 a protein in the brain cells membrane that will stimulate certain systems within our body to reduce these oxidative species.
Mushroom Nutrition, Dectin-1 and Autophagy: Implications for Celiac Disease?
Chris J. Newton Ph.D
Discussion on the possible effects of beta-glucans in inflammatory conditions in the digestive tube. By interacting with the dectin-1 receptors in the enterocytes membrane they promote and up-regulate the process of autophagy, important in establishing cellular homeostasis and maintaining the immune system in a state of tolerance.
Comparative Enzyme Analysis of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga), Auricularia auricula and Poria cocos
Prof. Amin Karmali
In this article Prof. Amin Karmali investigates the comparative concentrations of enzymes such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glucoamylase, glucose-2-oxidase and secondary metabolites in three diferente mushrooms: Inonotus obliquus (Chaga), Auricularia auricula and Poria cocos. The results are shown in the absence or presence of digestive enzymes.
a) Applied Plant Science Division, Agri-Food & Bioscience Institute, Northern Ireland
b) Grosvenor Grammar School, Northern Ireland
c) Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratories, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City, Northern Ireland
d) School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Sciences, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 15 (2009) 5-7
Antibiotic agents have been in widespread and largely effective therapeutic use since their discovery in the 20th century. However, with the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens now presents an increasing global challenge to both human and veterinary medicine. It is now widely acknowledged that there is a need to develop novel antimicrobial agents to minimize the threat of further antimicrobial resistance, With this in mind, a study was undertaken to examine the antimicrobial properties of aqueous extracts of “exotic” Shitake and Oyster mushrooms on a range of environmental and clinically important microorganisms.
Besides nutritional properties, mushrooms have attracted market attention because they are a potential source of bioactive compounds able to perform several functions in organisms with benefits for consumer health. In recent years Coriolus versicolor aroused interest among researchers because of the bioactive properties demonstrated.
Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) and polysaccharopeptide Krestin (PSK) have shown to be useful adjuncts to the therapy of cancer; these polysaccharides from C. versicolor have also shown prebiotic activity, stimulating the growth of probiotic bacteria. This review article highlights the health-promoting potential of several mushroom species with special emphasis on C. versicolor.
(1) Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
(2) Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Fábrica N∘ 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
(3) CEIL, Lúrio University, Marrere, Nampula, Mozambique
Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. Vol. 4, No. 12, 2016, pp 773-781
This article provides an overview of the essential differences between the biomass and extract form of mushroom products. The article addresses the betagucan content of both forms as well as the three forms of enzyme activity found in biomass form; contributing to their role as “biological response modifiers”.
(1) Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Higyene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
(2) University of Coimbra, Portugal.
(3) Ministry of Education and Human Development, Maputo, Mozambique.
(4) University of Catania, Italy
† Equal contributors
1 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Results indicate that nutritional modulation of critical proteins involved in brain stress tolerance can be achieved via supplementation with a well characterized strain of Hericium erinaceus biomass. These findings are relevant to those theories connecting faulty protein quality control mechanisms with age-associated neurodegenerative diseases
The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of the CV biomass form, as it is commonly used as a food supplement. The CV biomass powder was dissolved in distilled water and administered daily (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g/kg live weight) in single doses by gavage to both female and male Charles River albino rats.
Results indicate that nutritional modulation of critical proteins involved in brain stress tolerance can be achieved via supplementation with a well characterized strain of C. versicolor biomass. These findings are relevant to those theories connecting faulty protein quality control mechanisms with age-associated neurodegenerative diseases
There is a body of thought that viruses such as the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is a contributing factor in the development of Alzheimer´s disease. In addition, Dr LaFerla at the University of California has suggested the activation of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) could reduce the progress of (or delay the onset of) Alzheimer´s disease. This article provides the rationale for the use of mushroom nutrition (in the form of a combination of Coriolus versicolor and Hericium erinaceus (biomass)), to provide both anti-viral protection and activation of LXA4.
Some mushrooms have been known to exhibit several medicinal properties for thousands of years in Japanese and other Asian cultures. The Reishi mushroom, also known as Ganoderma lucidum, is well characterized (in Traditional Chinese Medicine) for the prevention and treatment of several disease states such as cancer, allergies and asthma. In the west, Reishi is commonly sold in the extract form. This study shows the difference in the concentration of both enzymes and beta-glucans between one Reishi extract sample and one Reishi biomass sample.
"Why use Chinese Nutritional Therapy in a Western Clinic?" by Neil Kingham
by Neil Kingham
Neil Kingham, course director and lecturer for the Chinese Nutrition Postgraduate Course at CNM (College of Naturopathic Medicine), assesses how this ancient way of looking at food and nutrition through the lens of Chinese Medicine, can broaden modern practitioners’ therapeutic scope and effectiveness.
Peter Jackson-Main, who leads the Postgraduate Course in Iridology at CNM (College of Naturopathic Medicine), explains how the study of the iris can help practitioners to pinpoint the origin of health problems, and facilitates choice of the most suitable therapies.
In this two page article, Professor Amin Karmali discusses the role of enzyme content in the biomass form of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) and potential use in histamine mediated allergic response ie. Hayfever. The article compares the enzyme content of an extracted form of Reishi when compared to the biomass form of Reishi when both forms are exposed (in vitro) to digestive enzymes.
This poster presents strong scientific evidence that monoclonal antibodies raised against beta glucans from MRL´s Pleurotus ostreatus also recognize beta glucans from other MRL products which is very interesting regarding their tertiary structure. The importance of the tertiary structure of beta-glucans is due to the fact that all beta-glucans with anti-tumor activity exhibited this tertiary structure. (Presented at the 12th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference (CHEMPOR 2014), organized by the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering - University of Porto and Ordem dos Engenheiros (the Portuguese Engineers Association), held in Porto, Portugal, between the 10th and 12th of September, 2014
The data presented strongly support that MRL products contain high levels of beta glucans with anti-tumour activity by using a different colorimetric assay method based on alcian blue. The Alcian Blue method is based on formation of soluble complex formation between the polysaccharides and alcian blue which is specific for Beta-glucans with anti-tumour activity. (Presented at the 12th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference (CHEMPOR 2014), organized by the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering - University of Porto and Ordem dos Engenheiros (the Portuguese Engineers Association), held in Porto, Portugal, between the 10th and 12th of September, 2014.
(tchernev@safesex.bg)
This poster was presented at the 3rd Congress of Gynecologists and obstetricians of Macedonia (with International Participation) from May 16th to 19th, 2013, Orhid, Macedonia.
Conclusion: Coriolus-MRL has no adverse reactions and drug interactions with the main drugs used for the treatment and it could be taken during pregnancy. It is an addition to the methods for prevention and treatment (both combined and conservative) of HPV infection.
1 University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Sofia, Bulgaria.
(Jsilvacouto@netcabo.pt)
This poster was presented at the 14th World Congress of Cervical Pathology and Coloscopy, July 4-7, 2011 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Conclusion: The use of Coriolus versicolor for one year revealed a great efficacy, whether in the regression of the displasia (LSIL) or in the disappearance of the High Risk HPV. It seems therefore, to be a very useful food supplementation with positive therapeutic impact, either in the reversion of LSIL (with High Risk HPV+), or in those HSIL patients, who have undergone surgery but experience continued High Risk HPV viral count.
1 Gynaecology Department-Portuguese Institute of Oncology-Cervical Pathology Unit, Coimbra, Portugal
2 CEF/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
The main outcome was to study the mean rate of change in Natural Killer Cell Activity in patients who have undergone conventional breast cancer protocol: chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in which there is a subseqent decrease in Natural Killer Cell Activity. The study was funded by CTRF and was halted as naturopaths were unable to recruit patients for the study. The attachments outline the rational for the study along with timeline.
March 7th, at the 20th European Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
This poster presents the results of a year long study on Coriolus versicolor supplementation in HPV patients with low-grade squamous intraepthithelial lesions (LSIL).
Download also the press release, click here
Coriolus Versicolor – Innovation in Prevention of Oncogynecological Diseases, Especially HPV
The attached is the English translation of the following 2008 Medline article: Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2008;47 Suppl 3:51-3. [Coriolus versicolor—innovation in prevention of oncogynecological diseases, especially HPV]. [Article in Bulgarian]
Bogdanova J.
Abstract: Coriolus-MRL is a nutrient adjuvant, which contains biomass of the fungus Coriolus versicolor and is studied to reverse early stages of cervical cancer and to reduce risk factors of reoccurring HPV virus. PMID:19449722
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
“Cancer Prevention with Supplementation of Diets with Botanicals”
by Karmali, A. and Fernandes, T.H.
ESCVN/ ECVCN – 5 – 7th October 2006 - Nantes
This work was conducted with a mushroom (Coriolus versicolor) which is in the market for human and animal use. Mushroom polysaccharides, particularly ß-glucans, have antitumour and immunomodulating properties.
“Coriolus”
by Dr. Jean Monro, Breakspear Hospital, Hempel Hemstead-Tel:44-1442-261-333.
(http://www.breakspearmedical.com)
Journal of Integrative Medicine 2004;8:101-108
In this article Dr. Jean Monro of Breakspear Hospital, has demonstrated in a group of 36 patients who have had defined chronic fatigue syndrome and autonomic dysfunction that Coriolus MRL has been an immuno-therapeutic agent. It has improved natural killer cells numbers by 35% in this group with a two months course of treatment.
Archives of Environmental Health, August 2003 (Vol. 58 (No.8 )). Reprinted with permission of the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation. Published by Heldref Publications, 1319 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802. Copyright � (2004).
In this article Dr. Monro points discusses how 20% of all cancers are triggered by viral infections. Dr. Monro outlines that having provided 30 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients Coriolus-MRL supplementation over eight weeks, there were significant improvements in the overall immune systems of the majority of the patients and that Coriolus supplementation could be utilized as a preventative immunutrition for those patients with such viral conditions that could develop into more serious oncological conditions i.e. HPV infection or Epstein Barr infection. Dr. Monro also outlines that Coriolus supplementation not only increases Natural Killer cell activity by 35%, but may also play a role in facilitating intercellular communication, thereby allowing the immune system to operate more effectively.
For more information on Heldref Publications and the Archives of Environmental Health, see the following link http://www.heldref.org
Published October 2004 in Nutritional Practitioner Magazine (ISSN 1472-0094).
Allergies and asthma are two examples of histamine-mediated allergic responses. Both conditions are increasing in frequency and are difficult to target with modern medicine. The modern approach to drug research is target specific and does not consider the natural defense mechanisms of the body or the causative factors (a cytokine TH1 to cytokine TH2 shift) underlying histamine-mediated allergic responses. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) as immunonutrition, with its unique array of compounds working in concert, could play a major role in treatment of histamine-mediated allergic responses.
Presented at the 10th International Congress of Mucosal Immunology in Amsterdam, June 28th - July 1st, 1999.
This curiosity outlines the impact of Coriolus versicolor supplementation on the White Blood Count (WBC) in three HIV positive patients at the following intervals of supplementation: Days 1-15 at 3.0 grams per day; Days 16-45 at 1.5 grams per day. Results: a 45% increase in WBC over 45 days.
To Contact Dr. Grazia Rotolo, please contact grotolo@venus.it
"The Effectiveness of Coriolus versicolor Supplementation in the Treatment of Kaposi sarcoma in HIV+Patients"
Presented at the 10th International Congress of Mucosal Immunology in Amsterdam, June 28th - July 1st, 1999.
This curiosity outlines the impact of Coriolus supplementation (6.0 grams per day to 9.0 grams per day) on the CD4 levels and viral load levels of three (3) Kaposi sarcoma patients. Results: For Kaposi sarcoma patients, Coriolus versicolor supplementation at 6.0 grams per day to 9.0 grams per day can significantly increase CD4 levels and provide a better quality of life.
To Contact Mr John Tindall please contact Yuan Clinic at:
Yuan Clinic
c/o Green Healer7 Clapham High Street
London SW4 7TS
United Kingdom
Tel/Fax:+44-207-622-9079.
Presented at the III International Symposium on Mushroom Nutrition in Milan on Saturday, March 10th, 2001.
This case study outlines the changes in CD4 levels and viral loads of eight (8) HIV+ patients on Coriolus versicolor supplementation levels of 1.5 grams per day over a twelve (12) month period. Results: Coriolus versicolor supplementation as low as 1.5 grams per day can increase CD4 levels and decrease viral loads in HIV+ patients. For similar impact in post-HAART patients the supplementation levels must be at 3.0 grams per day.
To contact Ms. Marijke Pfeiffer
Centrum Voor Integrale GeneeskundesAmsterdam, The Netherlands
Fax:31-20-624-9710
Email: cig@xs4all.nl
In this case study on the use of Coriolus versicolor in fifteen (15) patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Dr. Monro measures the increase in Natural Killer Cell (NK) activity over 45 days when Coriolus supplementation is given at 3.0 grams for fifteen (15) days and then decreased to 1.5 grams for thirty (30) days. Results: Coriolus supplementation increased NK cell activity significantly in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients.
To contact Dr.Jean Monro at Breakspear Hospital
Tel:44-1442-261-333 / Fax:44-1442-266-388
Presented at the 2nd International Symposium on HPV and Cancer, in Lisbon Portugal on May 26th, 2001.
This prospective trial design outlines the rational for the use of Coriolus versicolor supplementation (3.0 grams per day) to improve the immune system in HPV infected women in order to control the stage of HPV development. Dr. Monro is the first to suggest that Coriolus versicolor supplementation may reverse a Th1 to Th2 shift in the immune system.
To contact Dr.Jean Monro at Breakspear Hospital
Tel:44-1442-261-333 / Fax:44-1442-266-388
The Role of Mushroom Nutrition as A Delivery Agent for Enzyme Therapy in Cancer Care?
Chemical and Biological Properties in Mushroom Nutrition
In this abstract, Professor Karmali examines the in vitro content of lacasse activity, protease activity, peroxidase activity and glycomylase activity (glycose-2-oxidase) of various mushrooms (Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma lucidium, Cordyceps sinensis and Coriolus versicolor ) per 500 mg tablet.
The objective of this study is to confirm that heathy subjects will not be adversely impacted by Cordyceps sinensis supplementation (3.0 grams per day) over 4 weeks.
Trial designed by Professor Robert Batey, Dr.Ian Murray and Dr. Graham Foster
Poster Presentation at the 6th International Mainliner Hepatitis C Conference in Lisbon, Portugal, February 7th-8th, 2002.
Presented at the 4th International Symposium on Mushroom Nutrition, University of Westminster, June 15th, 2002.
Professor Lorite gives a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) perspective on the reason that women having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome over a long period of time may suffer from breast lumps / myomas. She provides suggestions for treatment from a TCM perspective that includes acupuncture, herbs and Coriolus versicolor supplementation.
To contact Professor Nuria Lorite
Centro BilobaC/ Santa Clara, 4128200 San Lorenzo de El EscorialMadrid Spain
Tel.: +34 650 43 90 91
Email: nurialoriteayan@gmail.com
Presented at the 5th International Symposium on Mushroom Nutrition, University of Westminster, June 14th, 2002.
This abstract outlines the impact of using 4.5 grams per day of Coriolus versicolor supplementation in a breast cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy. The case study outlines the significant impact of Coriolus supplementation on immune parameters and on the quality of life for the patient.
To contact Dra. Ana Ferro / Paula Boaventura
Clinica de Saúde Integral
Rua Constitução, 1959-loja A 4250 / 170 Porto, Portugal
Tel:351-22-832-80-47 / Fax:351-22-832-80-49
This study of increasing Coriolus versicolor supplementation (4.5 grams per day to 13.0 grams per day over a 90 day period) measures the impact of such supplementation on telomerase activity, interleukin 5, interleukin 12 and Tumour Necrosis Factor Beta over 120 days. Results were a significant decrease in teleomerase and interleukin-12 activity, followed by a significant increase in interleukin-5 activity within 120 days.
Presented at the 5th International Symposium on Mushroom Nutrition, University of Westminster, June 14th, 2002.
Presented at the 5th International Symposium on Mushroom Nutrition, University of Westminster, June 14th, 2002.
In this abstract, Professor Karmali measures the in vitro content of SOD, Cytochrome P-450, Cytochrome P-450 reductase in various mushrooms (Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma lucidium, Cordyceps sinensis and Coriolus versicolor) per 500 mg tablet.
To contact Professor Karmali Biotechnology Section
Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL)
Tel:351-21-831-7052 / Fax:351-21-831-7267
Email: akarmali@isel.ipl.pt
Presented at the 5th International Symposium on Mushroom Nutrition, University of Westminster, June 14th, 2002.
A request was made to CytoGenex to determine whether the MRL nutritional support products, known as Coriolus (BN 03143), Reishi (BN 02194), Cordyceps (BN 03021) and Maitake (BN 03165) had any significant toxicity when tested with a standard toxicity screen. A system has been developed by Cytogenex laboratories based on the liver cell line, HepG2. Toxicity has a number of connotations, but Cytogenex Laboratories takes the term to mean that the test article causes 'no apparent loss of viability of cells used as an assay system'. Viability in this context is taken to mean that cell integrity is maintained. Loss of viability for a cell population is equated with the occurrence of cell death by the mechanism of apoptosis or necrosis. This presentation presents the results of this analysis.
To contact Dr. Chris Newton
CytoGenex Ltd.
121 Westbourne Avenue
Kingson-upon Hull
HU5 3HU
Tel:44-1482-346-381
http://www.cytogenex.com